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type="text/css"></style> <div id="ct" class="ct2 wp cl"> <div class="mn"> <div class="bm_haa cl"> <div class="bm_h cl"> <a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=rss&catid=58" class="y xi2 rss" target="_blank" title="RSS">订阅</a><h1 class="xs2">文章</h1> </div></div> <div class="kjkjb"> <div class="bm vw" style="margin-bottom:0;"> <div class="h hm"> <div class="zxtoux"><img src="http://www.oecr.com/uc_server/avatar.php?uid=2&size=small" /></div> <h1 class="ph">不花冤枉钱 四大命题决定工业研究院成败 </h1> <p class="xg1"> 时间：2010-11-8 20:34<a class="zz" href="home.php?mod=space&uid=2">作者：zfw</a> 阅读<em id="_viewnum">(957)</em> 评论: 0</p> <div class="zxfb" ><a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=rss&catid=58" class="y xi2 rss" target="_blank" title="RSS">订阅</a></div> </div> <!--[diy=diysummarytop]--><div id="diysummarytop" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <div class="s"> <div class="ss"><div><span>导读： </span>近十年来，中国的很多大企业都设立了自己的工业研究院，比如联想、华为、中国移动等等，这是很好的事情。工业研究院对公司的持续创新与发展起着重要的作用，因此我们一直在探讨如何把它们做好，让它们发挥应有的作用 ...</div> </div> <!--[diy=diysummarybottom]--><div id="diysummarybottom" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <div class="d"> <!--[diy=diycontenttop]--><div id="diycontenttop" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="vwtb"><tr><td id="article_content">近十年来，中国的很多大<a href="http://b.oecr.com/company" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">企业</a>都设立了自己的工业研究院，比如联想、华为、中国移动等等，这是很好的事情。工业研究院对公司的持续创新与发展起着重要的作用，因此我们一直在探讨如何把它们做好，让它们发挥应有的作用。 <BR><BR>美国几个大公司的工业研究院都是经历了多次变革后才相对成熟的。在工业研究院的发展过程中，它们需要考虑很多问题，但最重要的是处理好四个命题：即运作资金由谁出？研究技术还是开发<a href="http://b.oecr.com/sell" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">产品</a>？研究的课题距离市场时间的远近？如何权衡研究项目的风险？在此，我想结合在英特尔研究院的实践，与大家分享我对此的认识。 <BR><BR>经费来源：研究院定位的重要依据 <BR><BR>工业研究院的经费一般来自公司或产品部门，经费来源决定了研究院的定位。比如，英特尔研究院是由公司统一提供资金支持的，这就决定了英特尔研究院致力于做前瞻性的技术研究。这一战略是当年英特尔CEO安迪•格鲁夫（Andrew S•Grove）亲自确定的。1996年圣诞节前的一天下午，安迪到研究院来和我们探讨英特尔研究院的发展方向及其它问题。当时，他很清楚地表示，研究院的经费必须由公司统一提供。因为在上世纪90年代的时候，英特尔的微处理器业务已经做得很好了，当时安迪就意识到，当一个企业处在领头羊的位置上时，它最大的对手就是自己。所以他希望研究院能帮助公司始终沿着正确的技术方向发展。安迪的这一战略在商业与技术上都是非常有远见的。 <BR><BR>由公司统一提供研发资金有以下几点好处。第一，同一个项目可以集合多个团队一起做，最后整合在一起。这样不仅可以避免很多的失误，还可以取长补短。第二，产品部门经常希望研究院能够对他们已经在做的项目，进行客观、诚实的技术评估。由公司统一提供研发资金，可以保证研究院能中立地提出建议。如果产品部门为研究院提供经费，研究院跟着产品部门走的可能性就很大。 <BR><BR>在产品与技术间取得平衡 <BR><BR>工业研究院有两个基本任务，一是用技术来改进公司现有的产品，二是为公司创造新的业务机会，两者究竟孰轻孰重？这要根据公司自己的业务模式以及在不同发展阶段的具体需求来决定。每个公司定位不一样，研究院在这两者上的投入力度就不一样。 <BR><BR>比如，惠普与英特尔这两个公司的商业模式不同，两家研究院的研发侧重点就不同。惠普的产品线很长，领域也较宽，所以它的研究院基本上是为公司做原型产品，偏重开发样机。当时惠普研究院有几百种产品，最成功的就是惠普<a href="http://laser.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">激光</a>打印机，曾为惠普创造了近100亿美金的营业额。而英特尔的产品线相对简单，绝大多数产品都是围绕微处理器的，英特尔研究院无需再去做一个全新的处理器。它要做的是解决现有处理器应用中碰到的各种问题，为英特尔下一代产品的开发提供技术支持。 <BR><BR>工业研究院应当在产品开发与技术研究之间取得平衡。如果研究院做的研发太专注于公司现有产品，研究院就成了一个产品开发部门；反之，如果研究院做过于前瞻的技术研究，那它的<a href="http://theory.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">学术</a>味就太重，与国家实验室等学界研究机构就没什么区别了。 <BR><BR>研究成果何时走向市场？ <BR><BR>工业研究院的研究项目多长时间内可以在产品中得到应用？这也需要根据公司的产品特点来决定。安迪格鲁夫曾经半开玩笑地对英特尔研究院的同事说，如果英特尔研究院开发的成果在三年内就可以应用，那么研究院的人就该去产品部门搞产品开发；如果研究院做的东西要在7年以后才能使用，甚至是7年以后都见不到成果，那研究员们就更适合回大学去教书。所以他的要求是做5年左右能得到应用的技术。这样的技术时间周期是基于英特尔的业务特点得出的，因为英特尔处理器的更新差不多是2-3年为一个周期。5年左右的技术周期定位，可以保证英特尔研究院能为公司开发下一代产品提供前瞻性技术支持。 <BR><BR>风险定位：决定公司技术方向的重要因素 <BR><BR>工业研究院研究项目的风险定位通常分为两类：一类是投入和产出是线性的，投入越多，回报越多；另一类是投入多少，很难预测产出，有可能回报很好，也有可能什么回报都没有。一般来说，这两种项目研究院都会做，但在资源分配上如何进行平衡？这是工业研究院领导需要思考的重要命题。 <BR><BR>要真正做好工业研究院，需要对公司的文化、商业模式有非常深入的了解，否则研究出来的成果就无法得到应用。记得我刚进英特尔时，我们想到过一个很好的技术，但需要英特尔在每个城市都设立很多客户支持点。我们研究院和市场部进行讨论后，决定放弃这项技术研究。一项技术，如果公司需要额外投入大量经费才能使用，而在经济上也没有很好的回报，那么技术再好，也是不适合这个公司的。 <BR><BR>除了以上四个命题，工业研究院还要解决很多问题。但如果工业研究院能把以上四个命题先解决好，我相信它们一定能做得非常成功。</td></tr></table> <!--[diy=diycontentbottom]--><div id="diycontentbottom" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <script src="data/cache/home.js?eOg" type="text/javascript"></script> <div id="click_div"><table cellpadding="0" 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